托福阅读出题点主题段和主题句的关键词.pdfVIP

托福阅读出题点 ：主题段和主题句的关键词 托福文章的主题段和主题句都是参与文章结构搭建的，这些关键词对于理解及把握全文的结构 非常重要。所以，文章中有很多的重要信息也会包含在这部分内容中。ETS 当然不会放过在这些地 方出题。小编马上用例题解析的方式详细说明： 举例一：来自TPO4PetroleumResources--第3题 Paragraph 1:Petroleum,consistingofcrudeoilandnaturalgas,seemstooriginatefromorganicmatter inmarinesediment.Microscopicorganismssettletotheseafloorandaccumulateinmarinemud.The organicmattermaypartiallydecompose,usingupthedissolvedoxygeninthesediment.Assoonasthe oxygenisgone,decaystopsandtheremainingorganicmatterispreserved. Paragraph2:Continuedsedimentation—theprocessofdeposits’settlingontheseabottom—buries theorganicmatterandsubjectsittohighertemperaturesandpressures,whichconverttheorganicmatterto oilandgas.Asmuddysedimentsarepressedtogether,thegasandsmalldropletsofoilmaybesqueezed outofthemudandmaymoveintosandylayersnearby.Overlongperiodsoftime(millionsofyears), accumulationsofgasandoilcancollectinthesandylayers.Bothoilandgasarelessdensethanwater,so theygenerallytendtoriseupwardthroughwater-saturatedrockandsediment. Inparagraphs 1and2,theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto ○describehowpetroleumisformed ○explainwhypetroleumformationisaslowprocess ○provideevidencethatamarineenvironmentisnecessaryforpetroleumformation ○showthatoilcommonlyoccursinassociationwithgas 答案:A，修辞目的题 解析：本题实际上是在问段落一以及段落二的段落大意。第一段简要说明石油形成，关键词有 Petroleum、originatefrom、 sediment;第二段进一步讲解，都在讲石油形成，关键词有Continued， sedimentation。所以只要找到与“形成”相关的关键词以及有关过程的概念，就容易找到答题方向。 考点：段落大意。 举例二：来自TPO6PoweringtheIndustrialRevolution—第2题 Paragraph 1:InBritainoneofthemostdramaticchangesoftheIndustrialRevolutionwasthe harnessingofpower.UntilthereignofGeorgeⅢ(1760-1820),availablesourcesofpowerforworkand travelhadnotincreasedsincetheMiddleAges.Therewerethreesourcesofpower:animalorhuman muscles;thewind,operatingonsailorwindmill;andrunningwater.Onlythelastofthesew