论保护物权的各请求权之间的关系.docVIP

论保护物权的各请求权之间的关系 季秀平 淮阴师范学院社科部 　　关键词: 物权保护/物权请求权/占有保护请求权/损害赔偿请求权/不当得利返还请求权 the protection of rights in rem; the claim rights from the rights in rem ; the claim rights for protection of possession; the rights of action for recovery of damages; the claim rights of returning illegal benefits 　　内容提要: 物权请求权与占有保护请求权在权利基础、权利主体、行使目的、举证责任、诉讼程序、以及是否适用消灭时效等方面均存在不同。物权请求权与损害赔偿请求权在目的与功能、权利基础、对损害的要求、归责原则、责任方式以及是否适用诉讼时效等方面存在着明显的不同。不当得利返还请求权与物权返还请求权、损害赔偿请求权既有相同之处，也有不同之处。在上述请求权发生竞合的情况下，应当允许物权人选择于其有利的一种加以行使。在一定条件下，物权请求权会发生向损害赔偿请求权和不当得利返还请求权的转化。 The claim rights from the rights in rem and the claim rights for protection of possession are two different rights existing on the object, in the basis of right, subject of right, performing purpose, proof duty, litigious procedure and whether they can be applied to the litigious time-efficiency. The claim rights from the rights in rem and the rights of action for the recovery of damages are different in aim and function, basis of right, the demand of danger, principles of blaming, duty means and whether they are applicable to the litigious time-efficiency. The claim rights of returning illegal benefits have both the sameness and differences with the rights of returning property and the rights of action for recovery of damages. When these claim rights co-occur, the claimant may have the right to choosing the one, which is beneficial to him. In some coditions，the claim rights from the rights in rem may be transformed to the rights of action for recovery of damages and the claim rights of returning illegal benefits. 　　物权是民事主体的一项十分重要的财产权利。保护物权的请求权，在物权法上有物权请求权和占有保护请求权，在债法上有损害赔偿请求权和不当得利返还请求权。现对上述各种请求权之间的关系予以梳理，以明确它们在物权保护中的地位和所起的作用。 　　一、物权请求权与占有保护请求权的关系 　　物权请求权，是指“当物权的完满状态受到妨害或有妨害之虞时，物权人为保护自己的物权而请求有义务者为一定行为或者不为一定行为的权利。” [1](P. 1136)占有保护请求权，是指当“占有被他人侵害时，占有人所享有的占有物返还、占有妨害除去、占有妨害防止的请求权。” [2](P. 197) 　　(一)物权请求权与占有保护请求权的区别 　　物权请求权与占有保护请求权都具有保护物权的功能，但二者并不是同一性质的请求权，其主要的区别有： 　　1、请求权基础不同。物权请求权的基础是物权，包括所有权和他物权;占有保护请求权的基础是占有，而不是物权。 [1] 　　2、请求权人不同。物权请求权的请求权人是物权受到