DNA sensor in virus infection 脱氧核糖核酸识别受体与病毒感染.docVIP

DNA sensor in virus infection Abstract: In order to protect human from the detrimental effect of viral infection, immune system has evolved mechanisms to recognize and eradicate them. Recently, a novel antiviral tool of innate immune has been discovered桪NA osensors, which can recognize invading viral DNA and initiate innate antiviral responses, including the activation of type I interferons (IFNs) and proin?ammatory cytokines. These cytokines contributed to not only inhibiting viral replication in infected cells but also regulating the induction of adaptive immunity, leading to the swift eradication of viruses. All these indicate that DNA sensors play a pivotal role in antiviral response. Therefore, this article will provide an integral and comprehensive review of DNA sensor, focusing on sorts of DNA sensor, signaling pathway and the immune response triggered by them. What’s more, viral strategy against DNA sensors and negative regulation of host will be discussed as well. [Key words]: DNA sensor, virus infection, antiviral response, negative regulation of virus, negative regulation of host. 1. Introduction In order to protect host from infection of virus, innate immune has developed mechanisms of how to detect virus to trigger immune response. Recently, DNA sensor has been found as a novel tool to detect virus. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9, retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) including RIG-I, melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5 (MDA5), DNA-dependent RNA polymerase III (Pol-III), DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) or DNA-dependent activator of IFN-regulatory factor (DAI), IFN-inducible p200-protein including p202，absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2)，interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) have been identified as DNA sensor[1-5]. What’s more, DExDc helicase DDX41, DHX36 and DHX9, Leucine-rich repeat flightless-interacting protein 1 (LRRFIP1), Ku70 were recently found to be novel DNA sensors [6-9]. Table 1 shows DNA sensors that have been discovered so