英国语言史.pptVIP

French words (upper class)—age, air, brush, change, cry, Latin (religion)—angel, candle, mass, monk, pope E.g. Ask; fire—English Inquire; flame—French Interrogate; conflagration大火（灾）--Latin Which one do you use most frequently? What does this tell us? Features of old English orthography（表音法）. In grammar, Old English -- more highly inflected than Modern English is. Old English -- native English; many words in Modern English –borrowed from Latin and French. The Early Modern English period (1450-1700 ) The greatest writer—Shakespeare The best-known book--King James Version of the Bible( 1611) William Shakespeare William Shakespeare (1564 – 1616) an English poet and playwright the greatest writer in the English language the worlds preeminent dramatist the King James Bible an English translation of the Christian Bible This embodies the importance of English The features of Middle English Most of the highly frequently used words --- the pronouns, the prepositions, the conjunctions, the auxiliaries, as well as a great many ordinary nouns and verbs and adjectives – were not replaced by French borrowings. English grammar-- virtually unaffected by French the loss of inflections ( ‘-es’ for plural nouns and the past tense ‘-ed’) Example make 的元音本来与现代英语 father 中 a 的发音相同；feet 的元音原本读如拉丁语的长音 e ；mice 中的 i 原本与 feet 中 ee 的现代音相同；boot 的元音原本读如拉丁语的的长音 o ；mouse 本来与 moose 的现代音相同。 Australian English: data; egg American English: class? Other Features of modern English the use of word order as a means of grammatical expression the elimination of a vowel sound in certain unstressed positions at the ending The Renaissance -- the introduction of a great number of Greek and Latin words into English-- colorful, graceful and rich colonization Language borrowing Africa—zebra, chimpanzee India—cashmere山羊绒, candy, shampoo Chinese—tea, litchi。。。 Australia—kangaroo, boomerang North American Indian—moose, totem West Indian Islands—canoe… the development of English spo