井控工艺(工人读本).docVIP

川渝油气田井控培训辅助教材 井控工艺技术 （工人读本） 四川石油井控培训中心 前 言 在总结川渝油气勘探开发长期积累的丰富的井控工作经验和吸收国外先进技术的基础上，经“六五”以来的科技攻关，川渝油气田已形成了一套较完整、较先进的井控技术，并在井控工作管理上也建立了一套科学的方法。 为将业已形成的具有川渝油气田复杂地层条件下天然气钻井特点的井控技术推广应用，特将与井队工人岗位职责有关和井控检查的内容，以及正确的井控演习与实战操作方法编成专辑，以增强钻井人员的井控意识、强化井控管理，尤其是提高钻井队和作业班的井控技术水平，是编写本教材的目的。它主要作为井队工人井控技术培训用。 本教材由四川石油井控培训中心组织编写，编写人：杨开雄、李强、高碧桦、袁瀚。在教材的编写和修订中得到了局、院有关专家的支持和亲自修改，在此一并表示感谢！ 四川石油井控培训中心 2005年5月 目 录 第一章 井喷的危害及川渝油气田井控技术现状····························1 第一节 术语解释··················································1 第二节 井喷的危害················································1 一、井喷极易导致失控着火······································2 二、井喷后压井对产层造成损害··································2 三、失控着火打乱正常的生产秩序································3 四、造成井下复杂和环境污染····································3 第三节 川渝油气田井控特点········································4 一、碳酸盐岩地层压力难以准确预报······························4 二、天然气含硫对井控装置性能要求高····························4 三、深井、高温带来的复杂问题多································5 四、天然气井压力控制难度大····································5 第四节 天然气溢流的特点··········································6 一、天然气侵入井内的方式······································6 二、天然气侵入井内后对钻井液液柱压力的影响····················6 三、井下积有气柱时对井底压力的影响····························7 四、关井后天然气对井内压力的影响······························8 第五节 川渝裂缝性碳酸盐岩高压油气田井控技术现状··················9 一、以二次控制为重点的井控工艺技术····························9 二、有较强的井控和处理失控着火的能力·························10 三、有一套完善的井控管理制度和技术标准·······················10 四、建设了一支专业化的井控队伍、完善了井控管理体系···········11 第二章 地层压力及地层破裂压力·······································12 第一节 地层压力·················································12 一、压力概念·················································12 二、静液压力·················································12 三、地层压力························