水利水电工程本科毕业设计英文翻译-加拿大岩爆支护手册.docVIP

本科毕业设计英文翻译 题 目 加拿大岩爆支护手册 学 院 水 利 水 电 学 院 专 业 水 利 水 电 工 程　 学生姓名 尹 刚　 学 号 0943062172 年级 09级　 指导教师 张 茹 　 二Ο一三年六月三日2.1Introduction Explicit analysis of each potential rockburst-damage mechanism and the interaction between the rockmass and the support system are complex tasks. This chapter provides a summary of the key items found in this handbook such that the practitioner is provided with guidance for support selection in burst-prone ground without undertaking all of the analytical steps necessary to complete a detailed design. For this summary chapter, details of the analysis procedures have been omitted, but they are described in subsequent chapters. Rockburst damage refers to damage that occurs around an excavation in a sudden or violent manner and is associated with a seismic event. Rockburst damage may not necessarily result in ejection of rock into the excavation, especially if the excavation is well supported. The damage mechanisms associated with different types of rockbursts vary from situation to situation (Kaiser 1993; Ortlepp and Stacey 1940). The first step in dealing with support selection for burst-prone conditions is to estimate the type of damage mechanism involved and the likely severity of the resulting damage. Also it is useful to understand the conditions that lead to or trigger a rockburst. 2.2 What causes rockbursts? For the purposes of hazard assessment and support design we distinguish between rockbursts that are triggered by remote seismic sources and rockbursts that are “self-initiated”. For self-initiated rockbursts, the location of the damage and the seismic event are the same. 2.2.1 Self-initiated rockbursts Self-initiated rockbursts occur when the stresses near the boundary of an excavation exceed the rockmass strength, and failure proceeds in an unstable or violent manner. The stresses generally increase as a resul