The contrast sensitivity function.ppt

The contrast sensitivity function 資工三黃明進 資工三李啟毓 資工三邱彥霖 Introduction Some objects may not be visible at all because their contrast is too low. The invisible objects are said to be below some threshold. The visible objects are said to be above some threshold. Ex. Driving a car in a very thick fog. Can you see the black writing on a white billboard ? Black-White edge Black has low intensity. White has high intensity. Grating (repeating bars) High contrast grating: light bars have a very high intensity and dark bars have a very low intensity. Low contrast grating: light bars are not very light and the dark bars are not very dark. Grating (repeating bars) Changing average intensity ?makes average luminance either lighter or darker. Changing contrast leaves the average the same ?makes the blacks blacker and the whites whiter. Grating (repeating bars) Square wave gratings: the luminance lines go straight up and down and are flat on top. Sine wave gratings: the luminance lines change in sine wave fashion. Sine wave grating Grating of different contrast but the same average luminance. Definition of contrast Definition of contrast: ?(LMAX - LMIN ) / (LMAX + LMIN) LMAX: maximum luminance LMIN: minimum luminance High contract: approximate 1.0. Low contract: approximate 0. Sine wave grating with one frequency Contrast decreases as the picture goes up. Sine wave grating with varying frequency Spatial Frequency High spatial frequency- Lots of bars across particular distance Low spatial frequency- few bars across particular distance Spatial Frequency Too obscure… Depend on the distance you look, because the more closely you look, the lower spatial frequency it will be Visual angle Definition- an object 1 cm tall at a distance of 57 cm subtends a visual angle of 1° Easy way of visual angle Because one arm is about 57 cm long and a fingernail is about 1 cm in diameter, your fingernail at arms leng