Physics 207, Sept. 12, The inclined plane and unit conversion.ppt

Physics 151 - Lecture 1 Physics 207, Sept. 12, The inclined plane and unit conversion Physics 207, Lecture 3, Sept. 12 Agenda Recall…in one-dimension If the position x is known as a function of time, then we can deduce the velocity v Representative examples of speed Speed (m/s) Speed of light 3x108 Electrons in a TV tube 107 Comets 106 Planet orbital speeds 105 Satellite orbital speeds 104 Mach 3 103 Car 101 Walking 1 Centipede 10-2 Motor proteins 10-6 Molecular diffusion in liquids 10-7 Average Acceleration The average acceleration of a particle as it moves is defined as the change in the instantaneous velocity vector divided by the time interval during which that change occurs. Note: bold fonts are vectors Instantaneous Acceleration The instantaneous acceleration is the limit of the average acceleration as ?v/?t approaches zero Instantaneous Acceleration The instantaneous acceleration is the limit of the average acceleration as ?v/?t approaches zero One step further…..in one dimension If the position x is known as a function of time, then we can find both velocity v and acceleration a as a function of time! Acceleration Various changes in a particle’s motion may produce an acceleration The magnitude of the velocity vector may change The direction of the velocity vector may change (Chapter 6, true even if the magnitude remains constant) Both may change simultaneously Acceleration has its limits When throwing a ball straight up, which of the following is true about its velocity v and its acceleration a at the highest point in its path? Both v = 0 and a = 0 v ? 0, but a = 0 v = 0, but a ? 0 None of the above And given a constant acceleration we can integrate to get explicit v and a Rearranging terms gives two other relationships In driving from Madison to Chicago, initially my speed is at a constant 65 mph. After some time, I see an accident ahead of me on I-90 and must stop qui