Unit 12-13Infectious DiseaseEpidemiology.ppt

Definitions Definitions (cont.) Definitions (cont.) Definitions (cont.) Modes of Disease Transmission Timelines for Infection and Disease Timelines for Infection and Disease Factors Affecting Disease Transmissionand Symptomatic Clinical Disease Characteristics of Herd Immunity Characteristics of Herd Immunity Conditions for an Outbreak Agent and susceptible hosts are present in sufficient number The agent can effectively be conveyed from a source to susceptible hosts Why do outbreaks occur? Increase in amount or virulence of agent Recent introduction of the agent into a new setting Enhanced mode of transmission, exposing more susceptible individuals Factors that increase host exposure or involve introduction through new portals of entry Outbreak Investigation Outbreak Investigation Unique Features of Infectious Diseases Unique Features of Infectious Diseases Unique Features of Infectious Diseases Unique Features of Infectious Diseases * * Unit 12-13: Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit 12-13 Learning Objectives: Understand primary definitions used in infectious disease epidemiology. Differentiate between direct and indirect modes of infectious disease transmission. Understand the concept of herd immunity. Understand the necessary conditions, goals, and utility for outbreak investigations. Understand unique features for studying infectious diseases from an epidemiological perspective. Understand the major components of conducting an outbreak investigation. Unit 12-13 Learning Objectives (cont.): Interpret epidemic curves in terms of possible outbreak patterns and sources. Recognize the primary epidemiological study designs used in outbreak investigations. Understand measures of effect used in outbreak investigations. Review a real-world example of an outbreak investigation. DEFINITIONS AND BACKGROUND Endemic: Habitual presence of a disease in a given geographic area. Epidemic: Occurrence of a group of illnesses of similar nature within a given community or