Chapter 5 Holography.ppt

Chapter 5 Holography Dennis Gabor in 1948 → the invention with the invention of laser → reached its full potential Leith and Upatnieks (1962) applied laser light to holography and introduced an important off-axis technique Gaber received Nobel Prize in 1971 Introductory Example The essence: Two steps of image formation a) Hologram: the object is transformed into a photographic record. b) Reconstruction: the hologram is transformed into the image. No lens is needed in either step!! A method of obtaining three-dimensional photographic images. These images are obtained without a lens, so the method is also called lensless photography. The records are called holograms. Introductory Example Point object transparent zone plate: concentric diffraction rings with maxima and minima. Two point object two overlapping zone plate Complex object Object: An aggregate of points; Hologram: Multiplicity of rings; Reconstruction: an image of object 5.1 Producing the hologram Hologram → the result of interference the signal → light diffracted by the object the reference →coherent background directly reach Photographic plate: only record intensities(amplitude) Interference pattern(amplitude): contain the phase information 5.1 Producing the hologram Gaber’s approach: signal and reference beam are coaxial Object: a wire mesh, slender letters Light source: mercury arc Filter: isolate one of the Hg lines→ monochromatic light Pinhole stop: spatial coherency 5.1 Producing the hologram Leith and Upatneiks’ approach offset angle reference Possible to record 3D objects on hologram 5.1 Producing the hologram Practical setup Light source: laser Object: solid, 3D Photographic film: high resolution Hologram pattern: interference fringes Myriad of tiny domain —uniform gray —cannot be seen by naked eye containing a series of fringes of various lengths and spacing 5.2