The governance of clean energy transitions.ppt

The governance of clean energy transitions Lucy Baker, Development Studies UEA ESRC climate change fellowship on the governance of clean development PHD research question: How are governance factors having an impact on energy transitions for clean development in South Africa and India? Presentation outline The problem Conceptualising governance Defining ‘clean’ energy Conceptualising clean energy governance Methodology The problem Climate change: stabilise emissions at 2°C by 2015 or dangerous tipping point (IPCC 2007). Energy poverty: 1.6 billion people lack access to electricity. Question of equity. Electricity demand in developing countries projected to increase three to five times over the next 30 years. 70% of expected rise in GHG to come from LDCs (IEA 2008) Financing gap. How much investment? $300 billion. Carbon based trajectory –north and south- no longer viable. Need for large-scale transitions to equitable low carbon economy. Why South Africa and India? Emerging markets: power to attract donors and investment. Neither has binding emission limits under the Kyoto Protocol. High levels of energy inequality. Potential influence on regional energy development e.g South Africa, SA Power Pool. South Africa one of the few SSA countries with CDM-registered projects. continents greatest emitter of GHG. Large coal reserves. Export-oriented growth (Winkler 2009). third of households, mainly rural, lacking access to electricity. power sector reform since 2000, privatisation of Eskom. India 14 per cent of total CERs in CDM 500 million people without access to modern energy services. Conceptualising ‘governance’ Conceptualising ‘governance’ “Governance is broader than government, covering ‘the distribution of both internal and external political and economic power” (Rhodes 1996) “governance refers to the development of governing styles in which boundaries between and within public and private sectors have become blurred” (Stoker, 1998:17) Institutions at the in