User Datagram Protocol.ppt

User Datagram Protocol An initial look at using the UDP transport protocol for sending and receiving network packets The Client/Server Paradigm A great many network applications employ this asymmetrical program-design idea: The sockets API for server ‘udpserver.cpp’ and ‘udpclient.cpp’ This pair of network application-programs provides us with a simple illustration of the basic paradigm: First, launch ‘udpserver’ on station A Then launch ‘udpclient’ on station B We can watch the ethernet frames being sent and received using our ‘nicwatch’ The packet format The UDP header The IP header The Frame header Algorithm Using ‘setsockopt()’ There is a socket-option at the IP-Level which allows an application program to adjust the ‘Time-to-Live’ value assigned to any outgoing UDP packet’s IP header Demo: ‘tweakttl.cpp’ This program allows a user to specify the destination hostname, the port-number, and the desired ‘Time-to-Live’ value For example: $./tweakttl stargate 54321 5 You can watch the outgoing packet, and any ICPM reply-message, with ‘nicwatch’ * server application runs on station A time client application runs on station B request response server struct sockaddr_in saddr = {0}; int salen = sizeof( saddr ); saddr.sin_family = AF_INET; saddr.sin_port = htons( port ); saddr.sin_addr = htonl( INADDR_ANY ); sock = socket( AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP ); bind( sock, (sockaddr*)saddr, salen ); struct sockaddr_in peer = {0}; int plen = sizeof( peer ); char buf[ BUFSIZ ] = {0}; recvfrom( sock, buf, BUFSIZ, 0, (sockaddr*)peer, plen ); sendto( sock, buf, BUFSIZ, 0, (sockaddr*)peer, plen ); close( sock ); The sockets API for client client struct hostent *pp = gethostbyname( peername, NLEN ); struct sockaddr_in peer = {0}; int plen = sizeof( peer ); peer.sin_family = AF_INET; peer.sin_port = htons( port ); peer.sin_addr.s_addr = *(uint32_t*)pp-h_addr; sock = socket( AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP ); char msg[ MS