Vibrio Cholera.ppt

Vibrio Cholera Vibrio Cholera Micro and Molecular biology Vibrio Cholera Gram-negative Curved rod .5-.8 μm width 1.4-2.6 μm length Facultative anaerobe Single polar flagellum Chemoorganotroph Optimal growth 20-30 degrees V. Cholera Gram-negative lipopolysaccharide coat which provides protection against hydrophobic compounds provides a surface for immune recognition Divisions of V. Cholera Biotype (biovar) different strains of the same bacterial species distinguished by a group of phenotypic or genetic traits Serogroup bacteria of the same species with different antigenic determinants on the cell surface V. Cholera has more than 150 different serogroups, only two of which cause epidemic disease V. Cholera01 serogroup Horizontal Gene Transfer V. Cholera the 01 strain and the recent 0139 strain have different antigens expressed in the polysaccharide capsule the change in structure is thought to have arisen from a recombination event. V. Cholera Chromosome 1 is larger (2.96 million base pairs) and carries many genes for essential cell functions and housekeeping Chromosome 2 is smaller (about 1.07 million base pairs and carries the integron island Chromosome 1 carries many genes for essential cell functions and housekeeping. It also contains important virulence genes, most of which have been acquired by lateral gene transfer from other species chromosome one carries two bacteriophages. ONE VIRUS is called the V. cholera pathogenicity island phage (VPI), which infects and inserts its DNA into the bacterial chromosome and allows the synthesis of a pilus which the bacteria uses to attach to the host intestine SECOND VIRUS is called the cholera-toxin phage (CTX). The CTX phage inserts itself into chromosome one and the bacterium is then capable of secreting a powerful enterotoxin Chromosome 2 Pathogenesis of V. Cholera Cholera disease begins with ingestion of contaminated water or food. The bacteria that survive