Chapter 8. Dispersion and Flocculation of Surfactants.ppt

Chapter 8. Dispersion and Flocculation of Surfactants 2006.05.20. §1. Introduction Dispersion – multi-phase dispersing system S/G – dust , smoke, and so on ; S/L – suspension (悬浮液) ; colloids (胶体) dispersephase (分散相) – dispersed solids dispersed medium (分散介质) – water thermodynamic unstable systems – dispersants 2. Flocculation – destabilization (失稳定) of colloids Static interactions between colloids Steric interactions between colloids Flocculating agents or Flocculants §2. Interfacial potential at interface of solid-liquid Interface potential – properties of S/L - electric double layer 1. The electrification (带电) at interface of solid-liquid Ionization at interface solid-water – e.g. proteins , ion exchange resin , etc. protein possess isoelectric points as IEP pH IEP to ionize anions or negative charge at S/L pH IEP to ionize cations or positive charge at S/L Adsorb the ions from bulk phase - in preference to adsorb anions or cations to electrify at S/L (a) Adsorption on Low Energy Surface - in preference to adsorb anions to possess negative charge. E.g. oil and Fat, synthetic fibres , and carbon etc. Reason : the cations are hydrated easier and more stable than anions in bulk water phase, so the anions are adsorbed easier than cations. (b) Indissoluble salts (难溶盐)– Fajans rule - homo ions (同离子)are adsobed easier by ionic crystal e.g. AgI colloid adsorbs the Ag+ ion in AgNO3 aq. to possess positive charge and the I- ion in KI aq. to possess negative charge. (c) Metallic oxide Indissoluble hydroxid – e.g. SiO2, TiO2, ZnO2, and etc – possess Zero Electric Point (ZEP): If pH ZEP, then in preference to adsorb OH- to possess negative charge on interface S/L If pH ZEP, then in preference to adsorb H+ to possess positive charge on interface S/L (3) Triboelectrification (摩擦起电) – not only Solid – Water but also Solid – Organic medium. Reason : according to difference electron affinity between(电子亲合力) two phase, the electrons are ejected fro