托马斯·阿奎那《论存在者和本质》中的本质学说的研究.docVIP

摘  要  在托马斯·阿奎那的哲学体系中，其本质学说是在对古希腊本质学说进一步改 造的基础上形成的，该学说无论在其哲学体系还是自然神学体系中都是一项具有创 新性的内容。本文主要以托马斯·阿奎那《论存在者与本质》一书为依托，从内容 和方法论两个方面展示托马斯·阿奎那的本质学说。在内容上，本文通过对“实体”、 “偶性”、“存在”、“本质”以及“种相”、“属相”、“属差”等概念地深入分析， 从而展现本质在逻辑学和形而上学两个层面的构成；在方法论上，本文通过严密的 逻辑推演以及辩证的方法，从而展现本质在逻辑学和形而上学两个层面的矛盾统一 关系。 关键词：托马斯·阿奎那 本质学说 逻辑学 形而上学 I Abstract In Thomas Aquinass system of philosophy, the theory of essence is modified on the basis of ancient Greek philosophy, the theory of essence is innovative whether for his philosophy or his natural theology. Based on Thomas Aquinass On Being and Essence, the article mainly wants to analyze Thomas Aquinass theory of essence through the two aspects of content and methodology .From the content point of view, through analyzing ousia, accidents, existence, essence and the phase of genus, species, deference ， the article will show the component elements of essence. In the methodology, through the compelling logic and dialectical method , the article will show the dimensions of the contradictory between the essence of logic and metaphysics. Keywords: Thomas Aquinas, the theory of essence, logic, metaphysics II 目  录  摘 要··········································································································· I Abstract········································································································ II 引 言········································································································(1) 1 从 ousia 到 essence：本质概念的历史演进 1.1 从 ousia 到 essence：本质概念的基本意涵·······································(3) 1.2 从古希腊到中世纪：本质学说的思想发展······································ (7) 1.3 普遍性与特殊性：本质概念的双重特性·········································· (9) 2 本质在实体和偶性中的存在 2.1 本质在复合实体中的存在································································(13) 2.2 本质在单纯实体中的存在································································(17) 2.3 本质在偶性中的存在········································································(22) 3 本质与种相、属相和属差的关系