环境执法机制理论的研究.doc

摘  要  为了加速社会的发展进程，人们过度追求经济的发展，科技的进步，但伴随 而来的是环境问题愈发凸显，环境对人们的负面影响使得政府开始重视环境，着 手治理环境，政府不断加强对环境的保护，加大环境执法力度，改变环境执法方 式，但由于我国现今的环境执法体制、机制不健全，环境执法过程中多头执法、 重复执法、执法疲软、各执法部门间的执法权限冲突等问题仍然存在。而环境执 法问题在学界已经有很多学者对其进行了较为深入的研究，从体制、机制、制度 层面对环境执法难的原因进行分析，涉及环境执法主体、对象、内容，环境执法 手段、方式等多方面因素，深入剖析环境执法不畅的原因。本文在前人的基础上， 收集相关资料，汲取经验，将机制理论引入到环境执法中，形成环境执法机制理 论，期望能通过发挥机制的能动作用，弥补环境执法的弊端。 本文分为三个部分对环境执法机制理论进行论述和探讨，第一部分介绍机制 理论，引出环境执法机制，包括环境执法层次机制；环境执法形式机制；环境执 法功能机制。第二部分从宏观、微观两个方面以及从环境执法主体、对象、内容 等方面分析环境执法层次机制。第三部分从环境执法类型上，提出综合执法、联 合执法、协调执法几种环境执法的形式机制。第四部分环境执法功能机制，从激 励机制、制约机制、保障机制三个方面入手，为环境执法提供必要的保障。 环境执法机制的建立，使得环境执法系统化，希望能通过发挥环境执法机制 的能动作用，使环境执法顺畅化，取长避短，早日走出困境。 关键词：环境执法；层次机制；形式机制；功能机制 II Abstract In order to speed up the process of the development of the society, people pursue economic development of excessive, the progress of science and technology, but with it come the environment problem increasingly highlights, environment on the negative effect of the people made the government started to pay attention to the environment, to control the environment, the government to strengthen the protection of the environment, strengthen environmental law enforcement and change the way of environmental law enforcement, but because Chinas current environmental law enforcement system and mechanism is not sound, environmental law enforcement process, law enforcement, repeated more than law enforcement, the law enforcement departments weak enforcement of the law enforcement authority between conflict of problems still exist. And environmental law enforcement issues in the field have many scholars to its for a more in-depth research, system, mechanism, system from the perspective of environmental law enforcement difficult analysis of the causes, involved with environmental law enforcement subject, object, content, environmental law enforcement means and methods many factors, this paper explores the cause of the poor environmental law enforcement. In this paper on the basis of former, collect related material, absor