大探FDR土壤水分自动站及其标定.docVIP

FDR土壤水分自动站及其标定 黄飞龙,何艳丽,刘艳中 （广东省大气探测技术中心，广州，510080） 摘要：针对国家气象局农业气象观测的需要，采用频域反射技术（FDR）设计开发了一套土壤水分探测系统。系统共包括传感器测量，数据采集，远程数据管理等几个部分。FDR测量原理建立在传输线理论和谐振电路的基础上。数据采集部分充分考虑了信号的抗干扰能力以及纠错措施。系统采用无线通信模式将测量数据传送到中心数据库。仪器和数据分别进行标定。田间标定使用仪器与烘干法对比观测数据，通过乘幂函数拟合计算不同土壤类型的参数，修正仪器测量公式，使测量到的土壤介电常数的变化能够准确反应含水率的变化。再利用烘干法对含水率测量数据进行标定。原始测量数据根据多项式函数拟合订正之后进一步降低了测量的绝对误差。罗定地区土壤水分自动观测数据最大误差控制在±2%以内，远小于农业气象观测规范允许的±5%。 关键词：自动站，土壤水分，FDR，标定，函数拟合 FDR Soil Moisture Auto Station and the Calibration Methods Huang Feilong, He Yanli,Liu Yanzhong (Guangdong Atmospheric Sounding Technology Center,Guangzhou,510080,China) Abstract：In order to satisfy the needs of agrometeorological observation, soil moisture detection system using Frequency Domain Reflectometry(FDR) was designed. It includes FDR sensors, data acquisition and remote data management. FDR measurement is based on transmission theory and resonance circuit. Data acquisition part takes full account of signal’s anti-interference ability and error correction methods. Data measured is transfered to central database in wireless communication mode first, and then is sent back to local stations through Internet. Field calibration compared the data from FDR sensor and oven drying method, thus factors were calculated by funciton fitting , which were determined by soil type. So change of relative permittivity detected could reflect variation of soil moisture. Then oven drying method was used again to calibrate the measuring data by polynomial function fitting method, which would reduce the absolute error of final result. After the three-stage calibration, the maximum error of data measured from Luoding Area is less than ±2%, which is far smaller than ±5% according to agrometeorological observation.function fit Keywords:auto station，soil moisture，FDR，calibration; 0 引言 土壤水分的贮存量以及它的变化规律，对农业生产，生态环境的监测调节甚至是气候的变迁都具有重要的研究价值，是最基础的数据。从2009年全国气象局长会议以来，为了满足干旱气象服务的需求，中国气象局在多个省份增加了基于FDR技术的土壤水分自动观测站点，开展土壤墒情观测业务。 土壤水分的探测方法有多种，其中烘干称重法是最传统的，由于对设备的要求不高，操作简单，结果可靠，不但被使用得最多，而且在国际上也