第2章 染色体与DNA2.pptVIP

The component parts of DNA Nitrogenous bases含氮碱基: Adenine (A)腺嘌呤 Cytosine (C)胞嘧啶 Guanine (G)鸟嘌呤 Thymine (T)胸腺嘧啶 Phosphoric acid磷酸 Deoxyribose sugar脱氧核糖 RNA component parts Nitrogenous bases Like DNA except Uracil (U)尿嘧啶 replaces Thymine Phosphoric acid Ribose sugar核糖 Nucleotides核苷酸are nucleosides with phosphate groups attached through a phosphodiester bond磷酸二酯键 Nucleotides may contain one, two, or even three phosphate groups linked in a chain A Trinucleotide The example trinucleotide has polarity Top of molecule has a free 5’-phosphate group = 5’ end Bottom has a free 3’-hydroxyl group = 3’ e