第一章 绪论LAMrevised.pptVIP

基因工程 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007 The prize was awarded jointly to: MARIO R. CAPECCHI, SIR MARTIN J. EVANS, and OLIVER SMITHIES for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells 2008 The prize was divided equally, one half to: HARALD ZUR HAUSEN for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer and the other half jointly to: FRANCOISE BARRE SINOUSSI, and LUC MONTAGNIER for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus 2009 The prize was awarded jointly to: ELIZABETH H