福岛核电事故分析及其启示.pdfVIP

2011 年 第 5 卷 第 3 期 南 方 电 网 技 术 核电安全性 2011 ，Vol. 5 ，No. 3 SOUTHERN POWER SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY Safety of Nuclear Power 文章编号：1674-0629 (2011)03-0017-06 中图分类号：TM623 文献标志码：A 福岛核电事故分析及其启示 王庆红，龚婷 （南方电网科学研究院，广州510080 ） 摘要：2011 年3 月11 日日本发生的9.0 级地震引发了日本福岛第一核电站7 级核泄漏事故，该事故成为近期全世界关 注的热点。介绍了福岛核电事故的经过、分析了事故的原因、影响及启示。地震和海啸是表面的诱因，深层的原因则是 很复杂的。从技术上层面上讲，核事故的原因主要归结为3 个方面：福岛核电采用了安全性不够好的核电第二代技术， 核电站的抗震能力设计不足，且其 1 号机组超设计寿期运行。通过AP1000 和ERP 的安全系统在设计、性能、技术等 方面比较，认为在安全性方面核电第三代技术AP1000 比EPR 要优越得多。针对我国现时核电是第二代技术和第三代 技术并存，探讨了中国核电的安全监督制度、核电主力堆型的发展方向、应急联动机制以及应急预案。 关键词： 日本3• 11 大地震；福岛核电事故；核电技术；非能动系统；沸水堆；欧洲压水堆 Analysis of Fukushima Nuclear Power Accident and Its Revelation WANG Qinghong, GONG Ting (Electric Power Research Institute, CSG, Guangzhou 510080, China) Abstract: A grade-7 nuclear leakage accident has happened in Fukushima nuclear power plant (Japan), which followed the magnitude-9.0 earthquake on March 11, 2011, in Japan, and has been in focus worldwide now. This paper introduces the course of the accident, and analyzes its causes, impact and reflection. The inducements of the accident are obviously the earthquake and its resulted tsunami, but the causes in deep are very complex. In terms of technology, the causes are mainly summarized in the paper as three aspects — the second-generation nuclear technology adopted by the plant, the plant design not enough for earthquake proof, and the nuclear power unit 1 has being in operation over its design life time. In comparision of design, performance and technology on the third-generation technology AP1000 and EPR (Europe presure water reactor), it proves that AP1000 is better in sec