毕业设计-单片机本科毕业设计论文微处理器控制的超声波汽车倒车测距系统的设计.docVIP

摘 要 超声波汽车倒车探测器是一种能够实时显示车后障碍物状况的汽车倒车辅助装置。在现实生活中应用十分广泛。本文根据声波在空气中可定向发射和反射的原理，以超声波换能器为接口部件，应用单片机技术设计了一套超声波测距系统。 文章提出了微处理器控制的超声波汽车倒车测距系统的设计方案。微处理器计算超声波从发射到接收的时间，在数据处理中采用温度补偿技术对超声波在空气中的传播速度进行修正，计算出距离，并根据障碍物与车尾的距离远近情况发出不同等级的报警声，同时显示车后障碍物与车体的距离。 论文概述了超声波探测器的发展状况及基本原理。对测距系统发射、接收、检测、显示等部分的设计方案进行了分析。从系统的性能需求、实用要求出发，对系统组成、检测原理和方法作出选择并对软硬件进行了设计。文章详细叙述了系统的硬件设计过程，并给出了系统软件设计程序流程图，通过误差分析，说明了系统应用的实用性。 Abstract The ultrasonic wave automobile back-draft detector is one kind auxiliary unit that can display the condition of the obstacle behind the vehicle in real time．It applies extremely widely in the real life． In this paper，according to the transmission reflection theory of wave in the air，using supersonic transducer as interface unit and applying monolithic machine techniques to design a series of bus ultrasonic measuring system． This paper introduces the design of ultrasonic range system in Back Car based on microprocessor．The microprocessor control the time and transmitting and reflecting back of ultrasonic，the distance can measure through calculating the speed of ultrasonic in car, and use the temperature compensation amendment in the data of the speed processing．The system can alert according to the changing distance, the distance could be displayed on real time as well． This paper summarizes the development and fundamental principle of ultrasonic detection. And then the transmission, receiver, detection, displays chime of this distance meter system is brought out. Starting from the performance demand and requirement of utility，the opinion is to choose the system component，testing theory and methods，design both the hard and soft ware．It describes the hardware design of the system in detail，and provides the procedural flow chart of software design．It explains the applied function of the system through the error analysis． Key Words: ultrasonic distance measurementmicrocomputer 前 言 随着社会的发展，汽车数量不断增加，人们便对汽车操作的便捷性愈加挑剔。汽车倒车时的不便被汽车制造行业所重视。人们希望有一种装置能够实现汽车“后视”功能，在倒车时能够提示人们汽车后方是否有障碍物以