02 General Principles of Translation【荐】.pptVIP

3. 修辞句型中的直译误区 (1)比喻：有的比喻可以直译，有的则不能，这往往取决于汉语的表达习惯。 The girl is a dead shot. 这位姑娘是神枪手。（不能译作“死射手”） After the failure of his last novel, his reputation stands on slippery grounds. 他的上部小说失败之后，声誉一落千丈。 （不能译为“站在滑动的场地上了。”） （2）有些借喻不能直译 He went west by stage coach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in Nevadas Washoe Region. 误：他乘公共马车到了西部，患了瓦肖地区的金银发烧流行病。 正：他乘公共马车到了西部，卷入了淘金热和淘银热。 （3）引典。如果是尽人皆知的典故。可以直译，不必加说明，如果多数人不知道，最好是意译，或者直译加注释。 He met his Waterloo. 句中meet one‘s Waterloo是成语典故,由 拿破仑在Waterloo遇到惨败而来,所以要意译。“他吃了大败仗” 当译文的形式和原文的形式不一致时，就有直译和意译的问题，而且直译有程度不同的直译，意译有程度不同的意译。 He had about as much chance of getting a job as of being chosen mayor of Chicago. 他找到工作的机会和当选芝加哥市长的机会几乎差不多。（直译程度大） 他要找到工作简直跟要当选芝加哥市长同样困难。（直译程度减少） 他找到工作的机会简直微乎其微。（意译程度大） 【实例说明】 1. Their accent couldn’t fool a native speaker. [表层翻译] 他们的口音不能愚弄本地人。 [浅层翻译] 本地人是不会听不出他们是外乡人的。 [深层翻译] 本地人一听他们的口音便知道他们是外乡人。 2. John is tall like I am the Queen of Sheba. [表层翻译] 约翰高得象我是西巴皇后。 [浅层翻译] 约翰高的话，我就是西巴皇后. [深层翻译] 要说约翰个头高，没那回事。 3. He bent solely upon profit. [表层翻译] 他只屈身于利润之前。 [浅层翻译] 只有利润才能使他低头。 [深层翻译] 他惟利是图。 1. Try translating the Chinese saying “跑得了和尚，跑不了庙” into English. 2. Look at the following versions. Which of them are literal translation and which liberal translation? (1) The monks may run away, but the temple cannot run away with them. (2) The runaway monk can not run away with the temple. (3) One can never escape punishment as long as he has a fixed living place. (4) He can save his life but he can not keep his property. (5) He cannot get away with his property. (6) One cannot run away for good and all. (1) 直译和意译的前提—忠实于原文内容。 (2) 判断直译和意译的标准—表达法 + 句子结构 (3)注意区分直译和字译、硬译、死译 (4) 注意区分意译和释义、改写、乱译 (5)初学者应注重学习意译方法；不能笼统地说直译比意译更忠实于原作，更不能处处以直译为第一选择；意译不是不得已而为之的翻译方法，不是在直译不奏效时才可使用的翻译方法。 summary Improve the following translation He wanted to run, but that would be the worst thing he could do. 他真想跑，但那是他能做的最糟糕的事情。 他真想拔腿就跑，但对他来说，最糟糕的事莫过于此了。 She came to see him almost every day for six astonishing weeks. 她几乎每天都来看她，先后持续了