Electric Motors.ppt

12/3/2002 BAE 4353 Electric Motors Classification / types DC Motors AC Motors Stepper Motors Linear motors Function Power conversion - electrical into mechanical Positional actuation – electrical signal to position DC Motors DC Motors Fundamental characteristics Basic function Types and applications Series Shunt Combination Torque characteristics Modelling Fundamental characteristics of DC Motors Nature of commutation Power is applied to armature windings From V+ Through the +brush Through the commutator contacts Through the armature (rotor) winding Through the – brush To V- Rotation of the armature moves the commutator, switching the armature winding connections Stator may be permanent or electromagnet DC motor wiring topologies Series Wound DC motors Armature and field connected in a series circuit. Apply for high torque loads that do not require precise speed regulation. Useful for high breakaway torque loads. locomotives, hoists, cranes, automobile starters Starting torque 300% to as high as 800% of full load torque. Load increase results in both armature and field current increase Therefore torque increases by the square of a current increase. Speed regulation Less precise than in shunt motors Diminished load reduces current in both armature and field resulting in a greater increase in speed than in shunt motors. No load results in a very high speed which may destroy the motor. Small series motors usually have enough internal friction to prevent high-speed breakdown, but larger motors require external safety apparatus. Shunt wound DC motors Field coil in parallel (shunt) with the armature. Current through field coil is independant of the armature. Result = excellent speed control. Apply where starting loads are low fans, blowers, centrifugal pumps, machine tools Starting torque 125% to 200% full load torque (300 for short periods). Compound wound DC motors Performance is roughly between series-wound and shunt-wound Moderately high starting torque Moderate