PROTOZOAFirst Animal.ppt

PROTOZOAFirst Animal Parasite Lives at expense of host Ectoparasites Ticks lice Endoparasites Protozoan worms Characteristics of Protozoa Unicellular eukaryotes Key part of food chain Most free living, decomposers especially sewage Characteristics of Protozoa Some commensals- no harm Guts of termites, roaches, ruminants Some parasites Most motile by cilia, flagella or pseudopodia Morphology Diverse Lack rigid cellulose cell wall Pellicle or membrane Trophozoite Morphology Many have resting stage-cyst Not reproductive structure Intestinal bugs pass host to host Reproduction Asexual Fission, budding Schizogony Sexual Gametes Oocyst-Apicomplexa Nutrition Aerobic, mostly chemoheterotrophic (engulf food) One group is photoautotrophic Some anaerobic growth; live in intestine Some transport food across membrane Nutrition Some ingest food Ciliates have cytostome Amoebae engulf food via pseudopods Digestion takes place in vacuoles- (lysosomes), waste through PM or anal pore Virulence factors Waste products (toxins) produce disease-malaria Hide from immune system Some grow inside phagocytes Some change antigens Archaezoa Lack mitochondria Evolved before endosymbiotic event or lost ability to produce mitochondria Archaezoa Many live as symbionts Trophozoite Spindle shaped with 2 or more flagella Trichomonas vaginalis  Vagina and male urinary tract( asymptomatic) No cyst form needs to be transferred before drying Transmitted via sex , toilet facilities or towels(moist) Trichomonas vaginalis Environmental changes DT abxs, DM, or IUD-infection SS increase in WBCs Prevention-abstinence, monogomy, condoms Giardia lamblia Tophozoite Excreted in feces as cysts Survives in environment long time Ingested by host or transferred during anal intercourse Cyst resistant to chlorine stomach acid Giardia Metronidazole, flagyl used for anaerobes damages DNA Diapers in day care Enterotest capsule-gelatin with string Amoebozoa Amoebas Pseud