Buffers in Blood.Acidosis and Alkalosis. .ppt

Neutralization Lecture PLUS Buffers in Blood.Acidosis and Alkalosis. Chapter 10. Buffers in the Blood The pH of blood is 7.35 – 7.45 Changes in pH below 6.8 and above 8.0 may result in death The major buffer system in the body fluid is H2CO3/HCO3- Some CO2, the end product of cellular metabolism, is carried to the lungs for elimination, and the rest dissolves in body fluids, forming carbonic acid that dissociates to produce bicarbonate (HCO3-) and hydronium (H3O+) ions. More of the HCO3- is supplied by the kidneys. CO2 + H2O ? H2CO3 H2CO3 + H2O ? H3O+ + HCO3- Carbonate buffer H2CO3 + H2O ? H3O+ + HCO3- Excess acid (H3O+) in the body is neutralized by HCO3- H2CO3 + H2O ← H3O+ + HCO3- Equilibrium shifts left Excess base (OH-) reacts with the carbonic acid (H2CO3) H2CO3 + OH- → H2O + HCO3- Equilibrium shifts right pH of the blood buffer The concentrations in the blood of H2CO3 and HCO3- are 0.0024M and 0.024 respectively H2CO3/ HCO3- = 1/10 is needed to maintain the normal blood pH (7.35 – 7.45) The effectiveness of the blood buffer If the pH of 100 mL of distilled water is 7.35 and one drop of 0.05 M HCl is added, the pH will change to 7.00. To change 100 mL of “normal” blood from pH of 7.35 to 7.00, approximately 25 mL of 0.05 M HCl is needed. With 5.5 L of blood in the average body, more than 1300 mL of HCl would be required to make the same change in pH. Regulation of blood pH The lungs and kidneys play important role in regulating blood pH. The lungs regulate pH through retention or elimination of CO2 by changing the rate and volume of ventilation. The kidneys regulate pH by excreting acid, primarily in the ammonium ion (NH4+), and by reclaiming HCO3- from the glomerular filtrate (and adding it back to the blood). Importance of the bicarbonate- carbonic acid buffering system H2CO3 dissociates into CO2 and H2O, allowing H3O+ to be eliminated as CO2 by the lungs Changes in PCO2 modify the ventilation rate HCO3- concentration can be altered by kidneys Other imp