大陆漂移学说与板块构造学英文版.pptVIP

Magnetic Stripes in the FAMOUS Area A Subduction Zone Why Mountains are High Where the Plates Meet Terrane Accretion Terranes in Western North America Plate Boundaries and Earthquakes Hot Spots Hot Spots: Hawaii Pacific Hot Spot Tracks Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Take-Away Points How we know plate tectonics happens Most earthquakes and volcanoes occur along plate boundaries New ocean crust is created along mid-ocean ridges Old ocean crust is recycled at subduction zones Subduction zones are where mountain-building (orogeny) occurs Small pieces of crust (terranes) are important in building up continents Hot spots are long lived stationary magma sources Global Problems in Geology Distribution of Continents Mid-ocean Ridges Trenches Orogenic Belts Deformation Metamorphism Volcanism Earthquakes Development of Continental Drift Lots of people had noticed that the coastlines of Africa and South America are similar Frank Taylor (1910) Alfred Wegener (1912) Die Entstehung Der Kontinente Und Ozeane 1. How we know plate tectonics happens The Permian Ice Age Problem 1. How we know plate tectonics happens Wegener’s Theory 1. How we know plate tectonics happens Dating the Breakup 1. How we know plate tectonics happens Frank Taylor In some respects, Taylor’s ideas were more modern than Wegener’s Taylor always thought Wegener had stolen credit from him 1. How we know plate tectonics happens Frank Taylor Recognized role of Mid-Atlantic Ridge Never reconstructed the continents like Wegener did 1. How we know plate tectonics happens Confirmation of Continental Drift World War II technology International Geophysical Year (IGY) 1957-58 Worldwide Standardized Seismic Network 1963- 1. How we know plate tectonics happens The Geomagnetic Reversal Time Scale 1. How we know plate tectonics happens Discovery of Sea-Floor Spreading 1. How we know plate tectonics happens Sea-Floor Spreading 1. How we know plate tectonics happens Where Does Ocean Crust Go? Hugo Benioff,