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Data Mining Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques Slides for Chapter 1 of Data Mining by I. H. Witten, E. Frank and M. A. Hall What’s it all about? ● Data vs information ● Data mining and machine learning ● Structural descriptions ◆ Rules: classification and association ◆ Decision trees ● Datasets ◆ Weather, contact lens, CPU performance, labor negotiation data, soybean classification ● Fielded applications ◆ Ranking web pages, loan applications, screening images, load forecasting, machine fault diagnosis, market basket analysis ● Generalization as search ● Data mining and ethics Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques (Chapter 1) 2 Data vs. information ● Society produces huge amounts of data ◆ Sources: business, science, medicine, economics, geography, environment, sports, … ● Potentially valuable resource ● Raw data is useless: need techniques to automatically extract information from it ◆ Data: recorded facts ◆ Information: patterns underlying the data Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques (Chapter 1) 3 Information is crucial ● Example 1: in vitro fertilization ◆ Given: embryos described by 60 features ◆ Problem: selection of embryos that will survive ◆ Data: historical records of embryos and outcome ● Example 2: cow culling ◆ Given: cows described by 700 features ◆ Problem: selection of cows that should be culled ◆ Data: historical records and farmers’ decisions Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques (Chapter 1) 4 Data mining ● Extracting ◆ implicit, ◆ previously unknown, ◆ potentially useful information from data ● Needed: programs that detect patterns and regul