Chapter 18Solubility and Complex-Ion Equilibria.ppt

Chapter 18 Solubility and Complex-Ion Equilibria Dr. Peter Warburton peterw@mun.ca http://www.chem.mun.ca/zcourses/1051.php Solubility equilibria MmXx (s) ? m Mn+ (aq) + x Xy- (aq) The equilibrium is established when we have a saturated solution of ions forming the solid and solid is dissociating to form the ions in solution. The rates of these processes must be equal. (eq’m definition) Solubility equilibria For a dissolution process, we give the equilibrium constant expression the name solubility product (constant) Ksp. For MmXx (s) ? m Mn+ (aq) + x Xy- (aq) Ksp = [Mn+]m [Xy-]x Ksp is an equilibrium constant Since Ksp is an equilibrium constant we MUST refer to a specific balanced equation (by definition this balanced equation is one mole of solid becoming aqueous ions) at a specific temperature. Problem Write the expressions of Ksp of: a) AgCl b) PbI2 c) Ca3(PO4)2 d) Cr(OH)3 Problem If a saturated solution of BaSO4 is prepared by dissolving solid BaSO4 in water, and [Ba2+] = 1.05 x 10-5 mol?L-1, what is the Ksp for BaSO4? Molar solubility If we know the Ksp value for a solid, we can calculate the molar solubility, which is the number of moles of the solid that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent before the solution becomes saturated. The molar solubility leads to the solubility (by using the molar mass) which is the mass of the solid that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent before the solution becomes saturated. Molar solubility Alternatively, if we know the molar solubility OR the molar mass and the solubility we can calculate the Ksp for the solid. Molar solubility A good (but NOT physically correct) way to think about molar solubility is to treat our solid dissolution AS IF there are two separate processes: The molar solubility has the same value as the concentration of aqueous MmXx after the first step. We can figure out this concentration based on concentrations of ions in the second step. Problem A handbook lists t