Evolution as Genetic Change.ppt

Evolution as Genetic Change  Section 16–2 Evolution as Genetic Change This section explains how natural selection affects different types of traits. It also describes how populations can change genetically by chance as well as the conditions that prevent populations from changing genetically. Natural Selection on Single -Gene Traits  Is the following sentence true or false? Natural selection on single-gene traits cannot lead to changes in allele frequencies. FALSE Evolution as Genetic Change If a trait made an organism less likely to survive and reproduce, what would happen to the allele for that trait. Fewer copies of the allele would pass to future generations, and the allele could even disappear from the gene pool completely. Evolution as Genetic Change If a trait had no effect on an organism’s fitness, what would happen to the allele for that trait? The allele would not be under pressure from natural selection, and its frequency might increase, decrease, or remain the same. Natural Selection on Polygenic Traits List the three ways that natural selection can affect the distributions of phenotypes. Directional selection Disruptive selection Stabilizing selection Match the type of selection with the situation in which it occurs. Directional - Individuals at one end of the curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end. Stabilizing - Individuals near the center of the curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end. Disruptive - Individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle. Evolution as Genetic Change An increase in the average size of beaks in Galápagos finches is an example of __ selection. directional Natural Selection Is the following sentence true or false? The weight of human infants at birth is under the influence of disruptive selection. FALSE Draw the missing graph to show how disruptive selection affects beak si