Gold(Au) Nanoparticles(and silver).ppt

OU NanoLab/NSF NUE/Bumm Johnson Gold(Au) Nanoparticles (and silver) Motivation History Colloids Nucleation Growth Coagulation Procedure Viewing the particles Some quacks still assert profound medicinal properties Spherical nanoparticles can serve as biological tags for tracking purposes The red color in stained glass windows is due to colloidal gold Can be used for a new ultrasensitive and selective detection scheme for DNA Gold nanorods can be bar-coded Au/Pt Alchemists believed Au sols might be the “elixir of life” Faraday researched many of the properties of colloidal gold in the 1850’s. Mie’s theory of light scattering was developed to explain the color of colloidal gold. Medical applications were developed that diagnosed certain diseases based on the interaction of colloidal gold and spinal fluids The first comprehensive investigation using the electron microscope began in 1948 at Princeton University and RCA Labs The color of the sol arises from a combination of absorption and scattering of light and depends on particle size More specifically it is due to a resonance of the free electrons in the metal particle. The light’s electromagnetic field causes them to slosh back and forth (plasmon oscillations). At a characteristic frequency which depends of the size and the metal, the sloshing is the most intense. This is the frequency where plasmon oscillations are excited. The plasmon resonance is easily seen in the extinction spectrum of the sol. A colloid is a homogeneous dispersion of particles in a solution which are so small as to not settle out easily A sol is a specific type of colloid characterized as a solid dispersed in a liquid The colloid is stabilized by electric charges on its surface due to adsorbed ions. The charge causes the particles to repell each other. The both the Gold and Silver sols used here have a negative charge. The particles experience the constant buffeting of Brownian motion which also helps to keep them in suspension. Formul