Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options from Rice Field.ppt

Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options from Rice Field Sirintornthep Towprayoon The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi Bangmod, Bangkok, Thailand 10140 Background Rice fields contribute approximately 9-13 percent of the global greenhouse gases Methane and nitrous oxide are the dominant GHG emission Mechanism To implement mitigation options need well understanding of the emission mechanisms Interaction between rice plant, microbe, the environmental condition in the soil, and the cultural condition of the farmer Methane produced by methanogen under anaerobic condition in the rice field Nitrous oxide produced by nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria under the anoxic condition Rice plant, during reproductive growth excrete some essential nutrient and activated microbial growth Mitigation options Factor affecting GHG emission Land preparation Seed preparation Rice varieties Fertilizer application Water management Harvesting and fallow period Land preparation Plowing Seed preparation Harvesting The choice of mitigation options Ultimate goal : High yield and GHGs reduction Economic aspect Low cost : investment, labor, machinery Market : positive expandable market, good price Governmental subsidy Social aspect Acceptable by farmers Easy to implement Undisturbed farmer way of life Impact of mitigation options on rice cultivation Options chosen Water management Reduce GHG Economic : not involved with investment Easy to implement and being accepted by farmer Shifting fertilizer application Reduce GHG Economic : less invesment Options of water management In common practice, water was drained out of the field during vegetative period. Drainage reduce methane but promote nitrous oxide Shifting drainage time from vegetative period to reproductive period help reduce methane production and emission Shorten drainage day also help reduce nitrous oxide emission Methane emission and soil redox potential from 4