山巅之城.ppt

A city upon hill The phrase entered the American lexicon early in its history, in the Puritan John Winthrops 1630 sermon A Model of Christian Charity. Still aboard the ship Arbella, Winthrop admonished the future Massachusetts Bay colonists that their new community would be a city upon a hill, watched by the world---which became the ideal the New England colonists placed upon their hilly capital city, Boston. Winthrops sermon gave rise to the widespread belief in American folklore that the United States of America is Gods country because metaphorically it is a Shining City upon a Hill, an early example of American exceptionalism. A city upon a hill: 源自圣经马太福音五章十四节，耶稣说：“你们是世上的光。城造在山上，是不能隐藏的。”“A city upon a hill, 山巅之城：举世瞩目之下，言为人师，行为世范。这是美国政治家心中的美国。 1630年，英国律师，清教徒 John Winthrop，率领1000多在英国受迫害的清教徒乘船前往新大陆，期望并坚信在大西洋的另一边找到自己的“应许之地”。他们到达波士顿，还没下船，他就告诫大家：“We must always consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill—the eyes of all people are upon us.”。早期移民美国的清教徒整体受教育程度很高，不少牛津，剑桥（大多数）毕业的。六年后，1636年就创立了哈佛大学。美国精神跟清教徒精神一脉相承，包括开拓，进取，创新，勤奋，节俭，诚实守信，回馈社会的意识，和维护正义的勇气等等。 此后的美国政治家经常援引John Winthrop上面那句话，愿意相信美国是 God‘s country, “a city upon a hill”。 比如肯尼迪总统1961年说：“Today the eyes of all people are truly upon us—and our governments, in every branch, at every level, national, state and local, must be as a city upon a hill — constructed and inhabited by men aware of their great trust and their great responsibilities.” 里根总统说得更漂亮：“...Ive spoken of the shining city all my political life, but I dont know if I ever quite communicated what I saw when I said it. But in my mind it was a tall proud city built on rocks stronger than oceans, wind-swept, God-blessed, and teeming with people of all kinds living in harmony and peace, a city with free ports that hummed with commerce and creativity, and if there had to be city walls, the walls had doors and the doors were open to anyone with the will and the heart to get here. Thats how I saw it and see it still....”。 * *