材料概论 双语玻 玻璃.ppt

We are live in the world of glasses Can you count how many things in our around that are made from glass ? 4.1.2 Glasses in Modern Time 4.2 Preparation Technologies of Glasses Speaker : 吕金建 Preparation Technologies of Glasses The first question we need to address is what is glass? The traditional view is that glass is a solid obtained by supercooling a liquid and that it is X-ray amorphous. Tg: Glass transition temperature at Tg Second derivative thermodynamic properties, namely heat capacity, thermal expansivity and compressibility undergo more or less sudden changes Tm: Melting temperature Crystalline product: When a liquid is cooled to its Tm, it generally solidifies to a crystalline product. Not crystallize:It is only rarely that melts do not crystallize when they are cooled slowly. Supercooling process:Therefore in order to obtain a glass the rate of Supercooling has to be such that crystallization is bypassed Dependence of rate of crystallization of an undercooled liquid on temperature 4.2.1 Preparation of Glasses In the case of good glass forming materials like SiO2 ,GeO2 or B2O3, the required rate of cooling of the melts is remarkably low because the maximum crystallization velocities in these materials are themselves very low. It appears that any liquid can be quenched into a glass provided the required high degree of quenching rate is achieved. 4.2.2 Microwave Heating in Glass Preparation Advantage: Extremely rapid Disadvantage: Once the melt is formed ,the temperature of melt appears to remain nearly constant 4.2.3 Sol-gel Process Sol-gel process is another important method of preparation of Glasses Sol-gel procedure provides a convenient route to make siticophosphate glasses which are otherwise difficult to make 4.2.4 Chemical Nature of Glass Fo