Length-Biased SamplingA Review of Applications.ppt

Length-Biased Sampling:A Review of Applications Termeh Shafie Department of Statistics Ume? University termeh.shafie@stat.umu.se Outline Length-Biased Sampling the Estimation-Problem Applications Suggested Solutions Simulation under Misspecified Sampling Inclusion Probabilities Length-Biased Sampling The probability of sample inclusion of a population unit is related to the value of the variable measured. Cox (1969): Textile fibre sampling A simple illustration of the problem when estimating the population mean The Estimation Problem Assume there is a population with elements The mean of the population is The Estimation Problem Suppose observations form a sample with sample mean where if individual i is sampled otherwise The Estimation Problem The expected value of the sample mean is where are the inclusion probabilities of the population units. The Estimation Problem Using simple random sampling and thus The Estimation Problem However in general is unknown and thus The sample mean becomes a biased estimator of the population mean. Cox (1969) Derived the length-biased or weighted pdf and looked at the estimation of the population mean from a length-biased sample. Assume is a random sample with pdf Cox (1969) It can be shown that An unbiased estimator of is Cox (1969) with variance Note: ~ N Cox (1969) Relation between the moments of g(x) and f(x): The relative bias is thus 2. APPLICATIONSTechnical/Industrial Sampling Cox (1969): Sampling textile fibres and the estimation of fibre length distribution. Marketing Shopping Center Sampling Mall Intercept Surveys: Keillor et al (2001): Global consumer tendencies. Sudman (1980): Quota sampling techniques and weighting procedures to correct for frequency bias. Nowell et al (1991): correction techniques for length-biased sampling in two situations; when total leng