2012高考英语语法 复合句式.docVIP

2012高考英语语法 复合句式 许多同学在学习复合句和特殊句式时，都会为“that”和“what”的选择而头疼， 感觉这两个连接性词语辨别起来“有点乱”。你也不妨先做一做下面几个题，看看你能否把他们分清： 1.A modern city has been set up in ____ was a wasteland ten years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. where 2.Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten. A. that B. which C. what D. as 3.With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ____ he was a man of action. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 4.It is what you do rather than what you say _______ matters. A. that B. what C. which D. this 5.His plan was such a good one _________ we all agreed to accept it. A. so B. and C. that D. as 上面5个题中的前四个题，在选项中都同时出现了what和that，如何选择呢？ 第1题为答案A。考查名词从句连接代词what的运用。“十年前是一片荒地的地方建起了一座现代化的城市”。作介词in的宾语不能用that，因为名词从句中that不做任何成分；连接代词what引导一个宾语从句，“是一个什么样的地方”； 第2题为答案A。考查定词从句关系代词that的运用，“因为记忆不好，你告诉我的，我都给忘了”。句中先行词为“all”，that为关系代词，意指all，在从句中做宾语； 第3题答案为B。考查名词从句从属连词that的运用。“…他很得意自己是个干事的人。”陈述了一个事实，故选择从属连词that 第4题为答案A。考查强调句结构中的that。“It is (was) + 所强调的成分 + that (who) + 其他成分。” 第5题为答案C。考查结果状语从句中的从属连词that。“他的计划非常好，我们都同意接受。” 从上面的分析中，我们不难看出，“that”一词非常活跃，在定语从句、名词从句、状语从句和强调句中都有使用；而命题设项时，“what”又常常用来作为干扰，因此，要想辨清“that” 和“what”这两个词，突破复合句式的这个难点，就要注意： 一、定语从句的关系代词中没有what，因此要牢记what不会引导定语从句。 例如： 1.The thought of going back home was kept him happy while he was working abroad. A.that B.all that C.all what D.which 答案为B。这里的all是先行词，而that是关系代词，在从句中做主语。许多同学将此题误选成了C。需要注意的是，C选项前面要是去掉all，则变成了what引导的名词从句，则就是对的了。 2.You can only be sure of_____ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something ___ you might get in the future. [2007 安徽卷] A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that 答案为B。前一个空为名词从句连接代词what，(从句做of的宾语，what又为get的宾语)，后一个空为定语从句(先行词为something，关系代词做get的宾语，关系代词省略)。 二、名词从句中同时存在that和what这两个连接性词语，可以从其语法地位和意思上来辨别。 that 引导名词性从句时，没有任何含义和语法作用，只是提示引导了名词从句；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what的意思是“什么…” 例如： 1.The mountain is no longer ____ it used to be. A. which B. that C. what D. as 答案C 。“山不是以前那个样子了”。以前“什么样”，对应了what。 2.There is much chance ____ Bill will recover fr