考研阅读和完形.ppt

Reading Skills  1．??大纲要求 2．?考生在阅读训练及测试中的问题或困 难所在 1）?不良的阅读习惯 2）?对生词的恐惧心理 3）?忽视语篇水平上的阅读 4）?不熟悉试题类型及解题方法 5）?平时不注意限时阅读，考试时感觉 时间不够 Reading ability 1. Language competence 1) Vocabulary 2) Syntax 3) Discourse knowledge 2. Cultural knowledge 3. Reading skills Writing formsText types 1. Narration 2. Description 3. Exposition 4. Argumentation Reading procedure 1. Prediction 2. skimming 3. confirmation 4. scanning 5. thorough comprehension Predict what? 1. text type 2. discourse pattern 3. writing skills 4. language features Discourse patterns 1. Problem-solving 2. Topic—discussions 3. Question—answers 4. comparison and contrast 5. social phenomenon/opinions/conclusion 6. topic—illustrations/examples 7. people’s opinions—author’s opinion 7. opinion or theory/importance/practice Mainly used writing skills in exposition and argumentation 1. examplification/illustration 2. comparison and contrast 3. listing 4. definition 5. classification 6. cause and effect 7. progression 8. description Cohesion and coherence Structural cohesion --ellipsis --reference --substitution --conjunctions --repetition lexical cohesion -- collocations synonyms, derivatives How to achieve coherence In order to have coherence in writing an argumentative essay, the movement from one sentence to the next must be logical and smooth. There must be NO sudden jumps. Since this coherence does not occur naturally, you should take pains to establish it. One of the main ways to achieve coherence is to use transition signals to show how one idea is related to the next. The following are the most common transition signals grouped according to the kinds connections they establish. Introducing an additional point or idea: furthermore moreover in addition besides what’s more also then similarly likewise on one hand…, on the other hand… for one thing…, for another… Introducing an opposite point or idea: o