语言学讲义 考研 6 Psycholinguistics.ppt

考研讲义 6 Psycholinguistics Chapter 6 Language and Cognition Teaching objectives: the learners will be better able to know some basic theories in psycholinguistics and cognitive linguistics. Teaching Focus: language acquisition, language comprehension, language production, categorization and metaphor Teaching Methods and Strategies: teacher presentation and class discussion Teaching Procedures 1. Cognition 2. Psycholinguistics 2.1 Language acquisition 2.2 Language comprehension 2.3 Language production 3. Cognitive Linguistics 3.1 Categorization 3.2 Metaphor 3.3 Metonymy 4. Task 1. What is Cognition? Mental processes, information processing Mental process or faculty of knowing, including awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgment. The formal approach（形式法）: structural patterns, including the study of morphological, syntactic, and lexical structure. The psychological approach（心理学方法）: language from the view of general systems ranging from perception, memory, attention, and reasoning. The conceptual approach（认知法）: how language structures (processes patterns) conceptual content. 2. Psycholinguistics Psychological aspects of language. Psychological states and mental activity with the use of language. Language acquisition, language production comprehension. Six subjects of research Language acquisition (L1 / L2) Language comprehension Language production Language disorders Language and Thought Neurocognition 2.1 Language Acquisition --- How language is represented in the mind and how language is acquired? (1) Holophrastic stage（单词句阶段） Language’s sound patterns Phonetic distinctions in parents’ language. One-word stage: objects, actions, motions, routines. (2) Two-word stage: around 18m (3) Three-word-utterance stage Give doggie paper. Put truck window. Tractor go floor. (4) Fluent grammatical conversation stage Embed one constituent inside another: Give doggie paper. ? Give big doggie paper. Use more function words: missing