肾内科英文.docVIP

肾脏科 常用语 慢性肾功能衰竭(Chronic renal failure, CRF) 病因(Etiology) 1. Chronic glomerulonephritis 慢性肾炎[ɡl?,merjul?unifraitis] 2. Diabetes mellitus, DM 糖尿病[,dai?bi:ti:z] [melit?s] 3. Hypertension: Nephrosclerosis 高血压肾硬化[nefr?u,skli?r?usis] 4. Chronic tubulointerstitial diseases 慢性小管间质性疾病 5. Polycystic kidney disease 多囊肾[,p?lisistik] 6. Others 其他 治疗(Treatment) 1. ACE inhibitors may slow progression 血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂可能减慢疾病进展 2. Treat reversible causes 治疗可逆性病因 3. Diet:Modest protein restriction with near normal caloric intake decreases nitrogen intake and avoids catabolism[k?l?rik] [naitr?d??n] [k?t?b?liz?m] 饮食：适度限制蛋白，热量摄入基本正常，减少氮摄入，防止分解代谢。 4. Dialysis 透析[dai?lisis] Chronic hemodialysis (HD) is the mainstay of therapy for chronic renal failure, but chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is also an alternative. [,hi:m?dai?lisis; ,hem-] [?mbjul?t?ri] [,perit?uni:?l] 慢性血液透析是慢性肾功能不全的主要治疗方法，同时慢性非卧床腹膜透析也是另一种选择。 透析的绝对指征(Absolute indications for dialysis) 1. Uremic pericarditis with or without cardiac tamponade 尿毒症性心包炎伴或不伴心包压塞[,perikɑ:daitis] [,t?mp?neid] 2. Progressive motor neuropathy 进展性运动神经病变[nju?r?p?θi] 3. Intractable volume overload 难治性容量过负荷[intr?kt?bl] 4. Life-threatening and intractable hyperkalemia or acidosis 威胁生命的难治性高钾血症或酸中毒 5. Toxins (e.g., ethylene glycol) 中毒（如乙二醇等）[eθili:n] [ɡlaik?l] 透析的相对指征(Relative indications for dialysis) 1. Fluid and electrolyte imbalances 体液和电解质紊乱 2. Volume-dependent hypertension 容量依赖的高血压 3. CNS abnormalities 中枢神经系统异常[,?bn?:m?litiz] 4. Anemia and bleeding diatheses 贫血和出血体质[dai?θisi:z] 5. Anorexia, nausea, and vomiting 厌食、恶心、呕吐[,?n?reksi?] 6. Weight loss 消瘦 7. Pruritus and ecchymoses 皮肤瘙痒和瘀斑[prurait?s, -ri:-] [,ekim?usi:z] 对话 Urinary tract infection 尿路感染 Dr.: would you tell me how you feel? 医生：请问有何不舒服？ Pt.: I piss many times, and my urine is red. I also feel pain while urination. [,ju?rinei??n] 病人：我小便次数多，尿液呈红色，排尿时疼痛。 Dr.: do you feel any back pain? Any fever? 医生：腰痛吗？发热吗？ Pt.: Yeah. There is also some pain in the lower belly. W