Chapter 17Kinetic Theory of Gases.ppt

Chapter 17Kinetic Theory of Gases 17-1,Thermal Equilibrium 17-2,Temperature Scales Celsius Scale Ice-Point Temperature Temperature of normal freezing point of water Steam-point Temperature Temperature of normal boiling point of water Celsius Scale Ice-Point Temperature Defined to be 0o C Steam-point Temperature Defined to be 100o C Temperature of human body 37o C Fahrenheit Scale Ice-Point Temperature Defined to be 32o F Steam-point Temperature Defined to be 212o F Fahrenheit-Celsius Conversion tC = (5/9)(tF – 32o) 17-3, The Absolute Temperature Scale Gas Thermometer Gas Thermometer Gas Thermometer Gas Thermometer Triple Point of Water Triple Point of Water Triple Point of Water 17-4The Ideal-Gas Law Ideal Gas Law Ideal Gas Law Ideal Gas Law Ideal Gas Law Ideal Gas Law Results for Real Gases Ideal Gas Law Ideal Gas Law * * If two objects are in thermal equilibrium with a third, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics Two objects in thermal equilibrium have the same temperature The volume of the gas in B1 is kept constant by keeping the mercury column in B2 level at the 0 mark.  B2 is kept at that level by raising or lowering B3. The height h is a measure of the pressure of the gas in B1. The change in pressure of the gas is a measure of the change in the temperature of the gas It is found that the temperature measured using different gases is the same provided that the gas density is sufficiently low. All gas thermometers extrapolate to the same temperature at zero pressure This is a unique, and reproducible, state in which water, water vapor and ice can coexist. This occurs at P = 4.58 mmHg t = 0.01o C The ideal-gas temperature scale is defined so that the temperature of the triple point of water is 273.16 kelvins (K) Ideal-Gas Temperature Scale P3 pressure at triple point The pressure times the volume of a low density gas, at constant temperature, is constant. Robert Boyle (1627-1691) F