Cholesterol and Heart Disease.ppt

Cholesterol and Heart Disease Plaques Buildup in arteries is composed of proteins, lipids, and cholesterol When blood vessels are plugged up, you get heart attacks or strokes. 1.5 million deaths per year from heart attacks 600,000 deaths from cancer * Deaths from cardiovascular disease(United States: 1900–2006 preliminary). Source: NCHS and NHLBI. * Prevalence of CVD in adults age 20 and older by age and sex (NHANES: 2005-2006). Source: NCHS and NHLBI. These data include coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke and hypertension. * Annual rate of first heart attack by age, sex and race. (ARIC Surveillance:1987-2004). Source: NHLBI. * Prevalence of low CHD risk, overall and by sex, ages 25-74 (NHANES :1971-2002). Source:Personal communication with NHLBI 6/28/07. “Low risk” is defined as SBP 120 mm Hg and DBP80 mm Hg; cholesterol 200 mg/dL and BMI 25 kg/m2 and currently not smoking cigarettes and no prior MI or DM. Cholesterol What is it used for? Lipid bi-layer – half of all lipids in your cell membranes are cholesterol, half of all your cholesterol in your body is in cell membranes You liver uses it to create bile that helps digest fats Where does it come from? Diet – eggs, butter, etc Endogenous synthesis – your liver makes it Cholesterol Cholesterol is too waxy to move through the blood, so it is esterified Low density lipoproteins (LDL) Very large particles 220 angstroms 1600 cholesterols High density lipoprteins (HDL) Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) LDLRPDB code: 1N7D The low-density lipoprotein receptor mediates cholesterol homeostasis through endocytosis of lipoproteins. Mutations in this gene cause the autosomal dominant disorder, familial hypercholesterolemia. The LDL receptor gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 19, and the protein is composed of 860 amino acids. LDL receptors Liver normally clears out 75% of cholesterol to bring the level down through a regulatory process It also produces cholesterol Acetic acid - HMG CoA reductas