SEMPEnergy ReliabilityHVAC Systems Overview.ppt

SEMP/Energy Reliability HVAC Systems Overview Primary purpose of HVAC for commercial/educational facilities- Human thermal comfort Indoor Air Quality Terms/Definitions/Key Concepts HVAC System Types Building/Energy Management Strategies Energy Reliability Effect on HVAC Human Thermal Comfort Critical parameters: Temperature- “hot vs. cold” Relative humidity- “muggy vs. dry” Air distribution- “drafty vs stale” ASHRAE Standards American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air conditioning Engineers (www.ASHRAE.org) Other concerns: Clothing level/Metabolic rate Indoor Air Quality UBC/UMC/Title 24 Ventilation rates: “old” building code (prior to 1991) 5 CFM OSA per person/15 CFM recirc per person goal was to save energy during oil crisis “current” building code 15 CFM per person or 0.15 CFM/sq. ft. ASHRAE recommendation 20 CFM per person for classroom/office space Indoor Air Quality “Sick Building Syndrome”: Inadequate ventilation due to old code Poor maintenance of HVAC equipment standing water @ condensate pans Bacteria growth @ cooling towers (Legionella) “Tightness” of today’s buildings; non-operable windows Outgassing of building materials paint, furniture, carpeting. etc Indoor Air Quality IAQ Solutions: “bake-out” prior to occupancy ?? (not recommended by ASHRAE) “ventilation purge”- ASHRAE hire independent Air Quality Consultants sampling of indoor air laboratory analysis of components written report of findings Definition of Terms/Concepts Heat flow/heat transfer: Temperature- “intensity” of heat dry bulb temp vs. wet bulb temp Btu- British thermal unit “quantity” of heat Btu/hour- rate of heat energy exchange Watts 1 watt = 3.414 Btu/hour Ton 1 ton = 12,000 Btu/hour HP 1 HP = 2,545 Btu/hour 1 HP = 745 watts Definition of Terms/Concepts Basic Heat/Energy Transfer calculations: Btu/hr = (1.08)(CFM)(dry bulb temp change) ** for “dry or sensible” heat/cool process ** Btu/hr = (0.69)(CFM)(moisture change) ** for “wet