Modulation formats for digital fiber transmission.ppt

Modulation formats for digital fiber transmission Eric Tell 050329 Outline Fiber performance limitations WDM Optical vs. radio communication Optical modulators Modulation formats Amplitude shift keying Duo-binary signalling Optical single sideband signalling Simulation/experimental results Summary Fiber performance limitations Fiber Loss Chromatic dispersion different refractive index for different wavelengths Fiber non-linearities Chromatic dispersion Distance limit ~1/(bit rate)2 Example: Single mode fiber @1550nm chromatic dispersion: 17ps/km-nm dispersion limited distance: ~100km @10Gbit/s comparable to loss limit EDFA = increased loss-limited distance Chromatic dispersion becomes the limiting factor in single mode long-haul fibers! We want to decrease the bandwidth for a given datarate! Wave Division Multiplexing Decreased channel spacing leads to interchannel interference and makes it difficult to compensate for fiber nonlinearities Narrower subchannels would be nice... WDM (contd) In a high capacity link the whole EDFA spectrum is filled with subchannels The bandwidth of each subchannel is proportional to its bit rate Total fiber capacity is given by the spectral efficency: (bitrate per channel)/(channel spacing) WDM (contd) In a practical case using NRZ a spectral efficiency of 40% can be reached WDM (contd More GB/s per channel does not increase total bandwith, however It results in fewer channels to manage Increased channel spacing decreases some non-linear distortions BUT to reach higher spectral efficiency a format with narrower spectrum for a given bandwidth is needed (while at the same time not increasing other impairments) How can this be achieved? M-ary Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) Duo-binary signaling Optical Single Sideband (OSSB) Comparison to radio systems Much of the same theory can be applied, except Carrier frequency is different 1550 nm = 194 Thz The available components are different no coherent detection (no PLLs) The channel is differe