Physics 207, Lecture 5, Sept. 19.ppt

Physics 151 - Lecture 1 Physics 207, Lecture 5, Sept. 19 Agenda: Newton’s First Law and IRFs An object subject to no external forces moves with a constant velocity if viewed from an inertial reference frame (IRF). If no net force acting on an object, there is no acceleration. The above statement can be used to define inertial reference frames. An IRF is a reference frame that is not accelerating (or rotating) with respect to the “fixed stars”. If one IRF exists, infinitely many exist since they are related by any arbitrary constant velocity vector! The surface of the Earth may be viewed as an IRF Newton’s Second Law The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting upon it. The constant of proportionality is the mass. Contact (i.e., normal) Forces Non-contact Forces No net force ? No acceleration Lecture 5, Exercise 1 , Newton’s 2nd Law P + C W P + C W P = C P + C = W Lecture 5, Example Gravity and Normal Forces Lecture 5, ExampleGravity and Normal Forces Lecture 5, Exercise 2Elevator physics 1100 N 1200 N 1250 N 750 N Important notes Contact forces are conditional, they are not necessarily constant The SI units of force are Newtons with 1 N= 1 kg m/s2 Now recall If net force is non-zero constant then the change in the velocity is simply acceleration times time. Lecture 5, Exercise 3Newton’s Second Law A B C D E F G Free Body Diagram Free Body Diagram Free Body Diagram Moving forces around Massless, inflexible strings: Translate forces and reverse their direction but do not change their magnitude (we really need Newton’s 3rd of action/reaction to justify this) Massless, frictionless pulleys: Reorient force direction but do not change their magnitude Lecture 5, Exercise 4A rope trick You are going to pull two blocks (mA = 4 kg and mB= 6 kg) at constant acceleration ( a = 2.5 m/s2) on a horizontal frictionless floor, as shown below. The rope connecting the two blocks can stand tension of only T = 9.0 N. Woul