UNIX - Introduction.ppt

UNIX - Introduction UNIX an Operating System Master Control Program UNIX a name of a culture UNIX a set of tools for smart people UNIX easy to use, difficult to learn Other Operating Systems MVS for IBM mainframes VMS for Digital mainframes DOS or Windows for IBM-PC’s UNIX for a wide range of hardware from PC’s to mainframes AIX from IBM HP-UX from HP SUNOS, SOLARIS from Sun ULTRIX from Digital A/UX from Apple Minix from Tanenbaum, LINUX POSIX from IEEE Standard Group 1003 History of UNIX MULTICS Multiplexed Information and Computing Services Operating system for a GE 645 to serve all of Boston in mid 60’s. Cooperative effort by GE, Honeywell, NCR, Bell Labs and universities UNICS Uniplexed Information and Computing Services Ken Thompson, Bell Labs (Late 60’s) Personal effort for a PDP-7 (64 KB), later for a PDP-11 Uses language B, which was derived from BCPL by Martin Richards In 1973 Ken Thomson and Dennis Ritchie develop typed language C The C Programming Language, Reference Manual 1978 ANSI C, starting 1983 UNIX Name copyright of ATT. UNIX sold to universities at minimal cost Universities dissect UNIX and train new users Computer Systems Research Group at Berkley: Supported by DARPA, make significant changes to UNIX and distribute it as Berkley Software Distribution 1 BSD for PDP-11 2 BSD 3 BSD 4.1 to 4.4 BSD provides support for virtual memory, networking, TCP/IP Recent history UNIX System Laboratories (USL) set up by ATT IEEE Standard Board tries to mend rift between SVR4 and 4.3 BSD by creating POSIX (Portable Operating System) New rift between ATT and IBM IBM, DEC, HP and others set up Open Software Foundation Accept IEEE standards, but add additional ones for Windowing systems, X11 from MIT Graphical interface, Motiv Distributed computing etc. 1993 ATT sells USL to NOVELL 1995 UNIX sold to Santa Cruz Operations Inc. and HP The keyboard and ASCIIb6b5b4b3b2b1b0b6b5 = 00 control code = 01 special character or digit = 10