爱尔兰法律体系介绍(IntroductiontotheIrishLegalSystem).docVIP

爱尔兰法律体系介绍(Introduction to the Irish Legal System) [日期：2006-06-16] 来源：中国民商法律网? 作者： [字体：大 中 小] 本篇文章是爱尔兰外交部同爱尔兰驻华使馆一同准备的四篇文章中的第一篇。它旨在提供爱尔兰在法律和法律实施方面的信息。紧接下来的文章介绍了法律体系的主要特征，重点介绍爱尔兰法律的起源。后面的文章将介绍爱尔兰法院系统和司法作用，法律专业，知识产权法的内容和实施及特别案例。 This article forms the first of a series of four articles prepared by the Department of Foreign Affairs of Ireland in cooperation with the Embassy of Ireland in Beijing, aimed at providing information on Irish law and practice. What follows is an account of the primary features of the Irish legal system focusing on the sources of Irish law. Forthcoming articles will provide information on the courts system and the role of the judiciary, the legal profession, the practice and substance of intellectual property law in Ireland, and particular cases of interest. 爱尔兰的法律体系 The Irish Legal System 爱尔兰的法律体制有些特别，它是由英国传统的习惯法派生而来。在过去的七年里，通过两国司法和立法机构的共同努力，爱尔兰的法律体系有了很大的发展。爱尔兰1921年的独立标志着它的法律体系从英国的体系中分裂出来，1937年，爱尔兰人民又颁布了爱尔兰宪法。它制定了治国的基本原则并纳入了许多基本权利的条款。爱尔兰加入欧盟后，法律体系也有所改变，最重要的改变是在其权限内本国法律服从欧洲法律。 Ireland’s legal system is somewhat unique. While it is derived from the English common law tradition, the past seventy years have seen the Irish legal system undergo a process of dynamic development at the initiative of both the judiciary and the legislature. The achievement of independence in 1921 marked a break from the British system and was followed by the enactment of the Irish Constitution by the People in 1937. This laid out the fundamental principles upon which the State was to be governed and also incorporated extensive fundamental rights provisions. Changes to the legal system have been introduced as a consequence of Ireland’s membership of the European Union, the most significant of which has been the subordination of national law to European law within its sphere of competence. 法律的构成 Sources of Law 宪法 The Constitution 爱尔兰宪法于1937年7月全民表决通过，是国家的高级法。爱尔兰语“Bunreacht na hEireann”,意思是“爱尔兰基本法”，任何与其发生冲突的习惯法和立法的规定都是没有法律效力的。它分为两个部分，第一部分规定了国家的立法、执法和司法机构。宪法强调了上述