在澳大利亚两地区在环境可持续发展的前提下控制CCN的研究.pdfVIP

CSIRO PUBLISHING Australasian Plant Pathology , 2008, 37, 220--234 www.publish.csiro.au/journals/app Managing nematode pests in the southern and western regions of the Australian cereal industry: continuing progress in a challenging environment V. A. VanstoneA, D, G. J. HollawayB and G. R. StirlingC A Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia. BDepartment of Primary Industries, Private Bag 260, Horsham, Vic. 3401, Australia. CBiological Crop Protection Pty Ltd, 3601 Moggill Road, Moggill, Qld 4070, Australia. DCorresponding author. Email: vavanstone@.au Abstract. Both cereal cyst (Heterodera avenae) and root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus spp.) are associated with loss of grain yield in south-eastern and western Australia. Cereal cyst nematode has been a major pest since the 1930s but losses have declined significantly in the last 15 years due to more effective rotations and the widespread adoption of well adapted cereal cultivars with nematode resistance -- strategies that were developed during several decades of research by pathologists, nematologists, agronomists and plant breeders. Research efforts are now focussed on reducing crop losses associated with root-lesion nematode. Rotations that minimise losses from the nematode have been identified, but a better-resourced plant breeding program is required to develop resistant cereal cultivars adapted to environmental conditions across the region. This paper reviews 40 years of research on the epidemiology and management of these two important pests. Additional keywords: crop losses, nematicides, nematode control, tolerance. Introduction