几类特殊非齐次线性微分方程的特殊解doc.docVIP

目 录 第一章 引言………………………………………………………………………2 第二章 一阶非齐次线性微分方程………………………………………………3 第三章 n阶常系数齐次线性微分方程…………………………………………5 第四章 n阶常系数非齐次线性微分方程………………………………………7 1.常数变易法………………………………………………………………………7 2.待定系数法………………………………………………………………………9 3.微分算子法………………………………………………………………………13 4.拉普拉斯变换法…………………………………………………………………18 参考文献……………………………………………………………………………21 致谢…………………………………………………………………………………21  几类特殊非齐次线性微分方程的特殊解法 周园园 数学与信息学院数学与应用数学专业2004级 指导教师：李中平 摘 要：本文主要阐述了求解常系数非齐次线性微分方程的四种方法：常数变易法、待定系数法、微分算子法、拉普拉斯变换法。常数变易法是求解微分方程的一种较为完善的方法，在其发展中起着重要的作用而其也被广泛的应用到了动力系统。当具有某些特殊形状，可用待定系数法和拉普拉斯变换法来求解。它们的特点是不需要通过积分而用代数方法来可求得非齐次线性方程的特解,即将求解微分方程的问题转化为代数问题来处理,因而比较简便。微分算子法实际上是一种直接灵活运用的公式法。 关键字：线性；非齐次；通解；特解；微分算子；拉普拉斯变换 Special solution of special categories of non-homogeneous linear differential equations Zhou Yuanyuan College of Mathematics and Information, Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Grade 2004, Instructor: Li Zhongping Abstract: This article mainly focuses on four methods of solving non- homogenous linear differential equation with constant coefficients: method of variation of constant; method of undetermined coefficient; method of Laplace transformation and method of differential operator. The method of variation of constant is more perfect method in solving differential equation .Not only is it plays the vital role in its development, but also widely applied in dynamic system. When f(t) have some special shapes, we can use the method of undetermined coefficient and the method of Laplace transformation to solve it. Their characteristic is that it does not need to use integral but use algebraic method to obtain the particular solution of non-homogeneous linear differential equation .It can convert the problem of solving differential equations to the problem of solving algebra equation, and then becomes simpler. The method of differential operator is actually a kind of formula method used directly and flexibly. Keyword: linear; non-homogenous; general solution; particular