软件测试与软件质量-朱蔚恒-1 .pptVIP

软件测试与软件质量 朱蔚恒 tzhuwh@ 09.秋 第一章：测试概述 1.1 软件测试 1.2 测试用例 1.3 文氏图理解测试 1.4 功能性测试与结构性测试 1.5 测试级别与过程 1.1.1一些著名的软件错误 迪斯尼狮子王 94～95 Intel 奔腾浮点除法缺陷 1994 美国航天局火星极地登陆者 1999 爱国者导弹防御系统 1991 千年虫 1974 危险的预见 1994?2004 近年的比较出名的软件错误 In February of 2009 users of a major search engine site were prevented from clicking through to sites listed in search results for part of a day A large health insurance company was reportedly banned by regulators from selling certain types of insurance policies in January of 2009 due to ongoing computer system problems that resulted in denial of coverage for needed medications and mistaken overcharging or cancelation of benefits A news report in January 2009 indicated that a major IT and management consulting company was still battling years of problems in implementing its own internal accounting systems, including a 2005 implementation that reportedly was attempted without adequate testing. In August of 2008 it was reported that more than 600 U.S. airline flights were significantly delayed due to a software glitch in the U.S. FAA air traffic control system. The problem was claimed to be a packet switch that failed due to a database mismatch, and occurred in the part of the system that handles required flight plans. 1.1.2软件缺陷是什么 软件未实现产品说明书要求的功能 软件出现了产品说明书指明不应该出现的错误 软件出现了产品说明书未提到的功能 软件未实现产品说明书虽未明确提及但应该实现的目标 软件难以理解、不易使用、运行缓慢或者－从测试人员的角度看－最终用户会认为不好 为什么会出现软件缺陷 沟通 软件的复杂性 编程错误 需求变更 时间压力 Egos(自私的,自我的) 没有文档 软件工具自身的错误 软件缺陷的产生原因 软件缺陷的修复费用 Financial Implications of Improved Testing NIST estimates that billions of dollars could be saved each year if improvements were made to the testing process. *NIST Report: The Economic Impact of Inadequate Infrastructure for Software Testing, 2002. Estimated Cost of Inadequate Testing 软件测试的意义 软件错误可以避免吗? 在软件开发的一系列阶段和步骤中,出现错误的时机很多: 软件需求的描述可能有错和不完善； 软件的设计可能有错； 软件的编码可能有错； 为了发现软件缺陷,软件测试必不可少。 软件测试的意义（续） 其开销在软件开发过程总成本中占很大比例。 据Boehm的统计，这个数值可达30%~50%。 是保障软件质量和可靠性的重要手段。 是软件质量度量的重要依据。 1.1.3基本定义 错误(error)，缺陷(fault)，bug，defect 失效