光的干涉opticsfilm interference.ppt

Amplitude-splitting Interferometers §7.4.1 Dielectric Films-Double-Beam Interference (Thin-Film Interference) §7.4.2 Mirrored Interferometers Contents Thin-film interference 1.Fringes of equal inclination 2.Fringes of equal thickness: wedge thin-film and Newton’s rings. Mirrored interferometers 1.Michelson interferometer 2.Mach-Zehnder interferometer 3.Sagnac interferometer. Teaching purpose: 知道各干涉仪的装置，会画出示意图； 会计算两束反射光（或折射光）之间的光程差，并讨论干涉花纹； 会利用干涉仪进行微小测量，波长测量等。 New words 1.The index of refraction and the speed of light The index of refraction of a medium is the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to its speed in the transparent medium. The frequency of the light is the same in both medium. then Fringes of equal inclination 2.Equivalent path difference and phase difference Equivalent path= geometrical path× index of refraction Fringes of equal inclination Optical path 光程= n× r Optical path difference 光程差 δ=n2r2-n1r1 Phase difference =2π×δ/λ0 n1 n2 S2 S1 r2 r1 p Fringes of equal inclination 3.thin-film interference---amplitude division Medium n1, n3 Thin-film n2, d Incident light, λ,i,r Reflect light 2 and 3 is coherent. Transmission light 4 and 5 is coherent. Fringes of equal inclination Optical path difference of reflect light 2,3 Phase difference Phase changes upon reflection must be done on a case –by-case basis Fringes of equal inclination Optical path difference of transmission light 4,5 Phase difference Fringes of equal inclination ①phase changes upon reflection ②if i=0, Phase difference= Phase difference Reflection light has phase change Transmission light has phase change Fringes of equal inclination Fringes of equal thickness In our daily life the color fringes on an oil film or on a soap bubble are often seen. These are common examples of interference taking place in thin film. 1.wedge thin-film Optical path difference Fringes of equal thickness The interference fringes trace out contours of constant thickness of