军事地形学讲义——方位角与偏角.pptVIP

方位角与偏角 本次课的主要内容 1.方位角 2.偏角 3.方位角的量取 4.方位角的换算 1.方位角 磁子午线通过地球的南北磁极，南北磁极与地球南北极不在一处，根据1985年测量，北磁极位于北纬78°03′、西经103°08′的加拿大北部，南磁极位于南纬65°37′、东经138°37′的南极洲。 2.偏角 Magnetic north is located in a different place than the geographic North Pole, or true north. The location of magnetic north is determined by the orientation of the earth’s magnetic field. The location of the North Pole is determined by the axis of the earth’s daily rotation. On maps and navigational charts, true north is offset（偏移） from magnetic north. To find true north a correction, called the magnetic declination (磁偏角), must be made